Defining spino-pelvic alignment thresholds should operative goals in adult spinal deformity surgery account for age?

Renaud Lafage, Frank Schwab, Vincent Challier, Jensen K. Henry, Jeffrey Gum, Justin Smith, Richard Hostin, Christopher Shaffrey, Han J. Kim, Christopher Ames, Justin Scheer, Eric Otto Klineberg, Shay Bess, Douglas Burton, Virginie Lafage

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article

78 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Study Design. Retrospective review of prospective, multicenter database. Objective. The aim of the study was to determine age-specific spino-pelvic parameters, to extrapolate age-specific Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) values from published Short Form (SF)-36 Physical Component Score (PCS) data, and to propose agespecific realignment thresholds for adult spinal deformity (ASD). Summary of Background Data. The Scoliosis Research Society-Schwab classification offers a framework for defining alignment in patients with ASD. Although age-specific changes in spinal alignment and patient-reported outcomes have been established in the literature, their relationship in the setting of ASD operative realignment has not been reported. Methods. ASD patients who received operative or nonoperative treatment were consecutively enrolled. Patients were stratified by age, consistent with published US-normative values (Norms) of the SF-36 PCS (<35, 35-44, 45-54, 55-64, 65-74, >75 y old). At baseline, relationships between between radiographic spino-pelvic parameters (lumbar-pelvic mismatch [PILL], pelvic tilt [PT], sagittal vertical axis [SVA], and T1 pelvic angle [TPA]), age, and PCS were established using linear regression analysis; normative PCS values were then used to establish age-specific targets. Correlation analysis with ODI and PCS was used to determine age-specific ideal alignment. Results. Baseline analysis included 773 patients (53.7 y old, 54% operative, 83% female). There was a strong correlation between ODI and PCS (r = 0.814, P<0.001), allowing for the extrapolation of US-normative ODI by age group. Linear regression analysis (all with r > 0.510, P<0.001) combined with US-normative PCS values demonstrated that ideal spinopelvic values increased with age, ranging from PT=10.9 degrees, PI-LL=-10.5 degrees, and SVA=4.1mm for patients under 35 years to PT=28.5 degrees, PI-LL=16.7 degrees, and SVA=78.1mm for patients over 75 years. Clinically, older patients had greater compensation, more degenerative loss of lordosis, and were more pitched forward. Conclusion. This study demonstrated that sagittal spino-pelvic alignment varies with age. Thus, operative realignment targets should account for age, with younger patients requiring more rigorous alignment objectives.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)62-68
Number of pages7
JournalSpine
Volume41
Issue number1
DOIs
StatePublished - 2016
Externally publishedYes

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Lordosis
Scoliosis
Linear Models
Regression Analysis
Databases
Research
Therapeutics
Patient Reported Outcome Measures

Keywords

  • Adult spinal deformity
  • Age
  • Age-specific
  • Elderly
  • Health-Related Quality of Life
  • Oswestry Disability Index
  • Realignment
  • Sagittal alignment
  • Sagittal balance
  • Sagittal malalignment
  • SF-36
  • Spino-pelvic alignment
  • Threshold

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Orthopedics and Sports Medicine
  • Clinical Neurology

Cite this

Lafage, R., Schwab, F., Challier, V., Henry, J. K., Gum, J., Smith, J., ... Lafage, V. (2016). Defining spino-pelvic alignment thresholds should operative goals in adult spinal deformity surgery account for age? Spine, 41(1), 62-68. https://doi.org/10.1097/BRS.0000000000001171

Defining spino-pelvic alignment thresholds should operative goals in adult spinal deformity surgery account for age? / Lafage, Renaud; Schwab, Frank; Challier, Vincent; Henry, Jensen K.; Gum, Jeffrey; Smith, Justin; Hostin, Richard; Shaffrey, Christopher; Kim, Han J.; Ames, Christopher; Scheer, Justin; Klineberg, Eric Otto; Bess, Shay; Burton, Douglas; Lafage, Virginie.

In: Spine, Vol. 41, No. 1, 2016, p. 62-68.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article

Lafage, R, Schwab, F, Challier, V, Henry, JK, Gum, J, Smith, J, Hostin, R, Shaffrey, C, Kim, HJ, Ames, C, Scheer, J, Klineberg, EO, Bess, S, Burton, D & Lafage, V 2016, 'Defining spino-pelvic alignment thresholds should operative goals in adult spinal deformity surgery account for age?', Spine, vol. 41, no. 1, pp. 62-68. https://doi.org/10.1097/BRS.0000000000001171
Lafage R, Schwab F, Challier V, Henry JK, Gum J, Smith J et al. Defining spino-pelvic alignment thresholds should operative goals in adult spinal deformity surgery account for age? Spine. 2016;41(1):62-68. https://doi.org/10.1097/BRS.0000000000001171
Lafage, Renaud ; Schwab, Frank ; Challier, Vincent ; Henry, Jensen K. ; Gum, Jeffrey ; Smith, Justin ; Hostin, Richard ; Shaffrey, Christopher ; Kim, Han J. ; Ames, Christopher ; Scheer, Justin ; Klineberg, Eric Otto ; Bess, Shay ; Burton, Douglas ; Lafage, Virginie. / Defining spino-pelvic alignment thresholds should operative goals in adult spinal deformity surgery account for age?. In: Spine. 2016 ; Vol. 41, No. 1. pp. 62-68.
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abstract = "Study Design. Retrospective review of prospective, multicenter database. Objective. The aim of the study was to determine age-specific spino-pelvic parameters, to extrapolate age-specific Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) values from published Short Form (SF)-36 Physical Component Score (PCS) data, and to propose agespecific realignment thresholds for adult spinal deformity (ASD). Summary of Background Data. The Scoliosis Research Society-Schwab classification offers a framework for defining alignment in patients with ASD. Although age-specific changes in spinal alignment and patient-reported outcomes have been established in the literature, their relationship in the setting of ASD operative realignment has not been reported. Methods. ASD patients who received operative or nonoperative treatment were consecutively enrolled. Patients were stratified by age, consistent with published US-normative values (Norms) of the SF-36 PCS (<35, 35-44, 45-54, 55-64, 65-74, >75 y old). At baseline, relationships between between radiographic spino-pelvic parameters (lumbar-pelvic mismatch [PILL], pelvic tilt [PT], sagittal vertical axis [SVA], and T1 pelvic angle [TPA]), age, and PCS were established using linear regression analysis; normative PCS values were then used to establish age-specific targets. Correlation analysis with ODI and PCS was used to determine age-specific ideal alignment. Results. Baseline analysis included 773 patients (53.7 y old, 54{\%} operative, 83{\%} female). There was a strong correlation between ODI and PCS (r = 0.814, P<0.001), allowing for the extrapolation of US-normative ODI by age group. Linear regression analysis (all with r > 0.510, P<0.001) combined with US-normative PCS values demonstrated that ideal spinopelvic values increased with age, ranging from PT=10.9 degrees, PI-LL=-10.5 degrees, and SVA=4.1mm for patients under 35 years to PT=28.5 degrees, PI-LL=16.7 degrees, and SVA=78.1mm for patients over 75 years. Clinically, older patients had greater compensation, more degenerative loss of lordosis, and were more pitched forward. Conclusion. This study demonstrated that sagittal spino-pelvic alignment varies with age. Thus, operative realignment targets should account for age, with younger patients requiring more rigorous alignment objectives.",
keywords = "Adult spinal deformity, Age, Age-specific, Elderly, Health-Related Quality of Life, Oswestry Disability Index, Realignment, Sagittal alignment, Sagittal balance, Sagittal malalignment, SF-36, Spino-pelvic alignment, Threshold",
author = "Renaud Lafage and Frank Schwab and Vincent Challier and Henry, {Jensen K.} and Jeffrey Gum and Justin Smith and Richard Hostin and Christopher Shaffrey and Kim, {Han J.} and Christopher Ames and Justin Scheer and Klineberg, {Eric Otto} and Shay Bess and Douglas Burton and Virginie Lafage",
year = "2016",
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T1 - Defining spino-pelvic alignment thresholds should operative goals in adult spinal deformity surgery account for age?

AU - Lafage, Renaud

AU - Schwab, Frank

AU - Challier, Vincent

AU - Henry, Jensen K.

AU - Gum, Jeffrey

AU - Smith, Justin

AU - Hostin, Richard

AU - Shaffrey, Christopher

AU - Kim, Han J.

AU - Ames, Christopher

AU - Scheer, Justin

AU - Klineberg, Eric Otto

AU - Bess, Shay

AU - Burton, Douglas

AU - Lafage, Virginie

PY - 2016

Y1 - 2016

N2 - Study Design. Retrospective review of prospective, multicenter database. Objective. The aim of the study was to determine age-specific spino-pelvic parameters, to extrapolate age-specific Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) values from published Short Form (SF)-36 Physical Component Score (PCS) data, and to propose agespecific realignment thresholds for adult spinal deformity (ASD). Summary of Background Data. The Scoliosis Research Society-Schwab classification offers a framework for defining alignment in patients with ASD. Although age-specific changes in spinal alignment and patient-reported outcomes have been established in the literature, their relationship in the setting of ASD operative realignment has not been reported. Methods. ASD patients who received operative or nonoperative treatment were consecutively enrolled. Patients were stratified by age, consistent with published US-normative values (Norms) of the SF-36 PCS (<35, 35-44, 45-54, 55-64, 65-74, >75 y old). At baseline, relationships between between radiographic spino-pelvic parameters (lumbar-pelvic mismatch [PILL], pelvic tilt [PT], sagittal vertical axis [SVA], and T1 pelvic angle [TPA]), age, and PCS were established using linear regression analysis; normative PCS values were then used to establish age-specific targets. Correlation analysis with ODI and PCS was used to determine age-specific ideal alignment. Results. Baseline analysis included 773 patients (53.7 y old, 54% operative, 83% female). There was a strong correlation between ODI and PCS (r = 0.814, P<0.001), allowing for the extrapolation of US-normative ODI by age group. Linear regression analysis (all with r > 0.510, P<0.001) combined with US-normative PCS values demonstrated that ideal spinopelvic values increased with age, ranging from PT=10.9 degrees, PI-LL=-10.5 degrees, and SVA=4.1mm for patients under 35 years to PT=28.5 degrees, PI-LL=16.7 degrees, and SVA=78.1mm for patients over 75 years. Clinically, older patients had greater compensation, more degenerative loss of lordosis, and were more pitched forward. Conclusion. This study demonstrated that sagittal spino-pelvic alignment varies with age. Thus, operative realignment targets should account for age, with younger patients requiring more rigorous alignment objectives.

AB - Study Design. Retrospective review of prospective, multicenter database. Objective. The aim of the study was to determine age-specific spino-pelvic parameters, to extrapolate age-specific Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) values from published Short Form (SF)-36 Physical Component Score (PCS) data, and to propose agespecific realignment thresholds for adult spinal deformity (ASD). Summary of Background Data. The Scoliosis Research Society-Schwab classification offers a framework for defining alignment in patients with ASD. Although age-specific changes in spinal alignment and patient-reported outcomes have been established in the literature, their relationship in the setting of ASD operative realignment has not been reported. Methods. ASD patients who received operative or nonoperative treatment were consecutively enrolled. Patients were stratified by age, consistent with published US-normative values (Norms) of the SF-36 PCS (<35, 35-44, 45-54, 55-64, 65-74, >75 y old). At baseline, relationships between between radiographic spino-pelvic parameters (lumbar-pelvic mismatch [PILL], pelvic tilt [PT], sagittal vertical axis [SVA], and T1 pelvic angle [TPA]), age, and PCS were established using linear regression analysis; normative PCS values were then used to establish age-specific targets. Correlation analysis with ODI and PCS was used to determine age-specific ideal alignment. Results. Baseline analysis included 773 patients (53.7 y old, 54% operative, 83% female). There was a strong correlation between ODI and PCS (r = 0.814, P<0.001), allowing for the extrapolation of US-normative ODI by age group. Linear regression analysis (all with r > 0.510, P<0.001) combined with US-normative PCS values demonstrated that ideal spinopelvic values increased with age, ranging from PT=10.9 degrees, PI-LL=-10.5 degrees, and SVA=4.1mm for patients under 35 years to PT=28.5 degrees, PI-LL=16.7 degrees, and SVA=78.1mm for patients over 75 years. Clinically, older patients had greater compensation, more degenerative loss of lordosis, and were more pitched forward. Conclusion. This study demonstrated that sagittal spino-pelvic alignment varies with age. Thus, operative realignment targets should account for age, with younger patients requiring more rigorous alignment objectives.

KW - Adult spinal deformity

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KW - Age-specific

KW - Elderly

KW - Health-Related Quality of Life

KW - Oswestry Disability Index

KW - Realignment

KW - Sagittal alignment

KW - Sagittal balance

KW - Sagittal malalignment

KW - SF-36

KW - Spino-pelvic alignment

KW - Threshold

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