Colonization of the endometrium and fallopian tubes with Ureaplasma urealyticum

Ureaplasma urealyticum, a common microorganism in the lower genital tract of sexually active women, has been associated with infertility and pelvic inflammatory disease. While some studies suggest a causal relationship for U. urealyticum and infertility, well-designed, controlled studies do not confirm such a pathogenic role. U. urealyticum is recovered from the upper genital tract of patients with acute pelvic inflammatory disease in a small number of cases. The studies reviewed in this paper do not confirm a definite pathogenic role for U. urealyticum in infertility or acute pelvic inflammatory disease.