Abstract
Endotoxin, found in the cell wall of gram negative bacteria, is an important contributor to the biological activity of agriculture particulate matter (PM). We analyzed endotoxin in PM collected on 13 California dairies and from the breathing zone of 226 workers during the summer months of 2008. Two particle size fractions were measured: PM2.5 and inhalable PM. Recombinant factor C assays were used to analyze biologically active endotoxin, while gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry in tandem was used to quantify total lipopolysaccharide. Biologically active endotoxin concentrations in the inhalable PM size fraction from area-based samples ranged from 11-2095 EU/m3 and from 45-2061 EU/m3 for personal samples. Total endotoxin in the inhalable PM size fraction ranged from 75-10,166 pmol/m 3 for area-based samples and 34-11,689 pmol/m3 for personal samples. Area-based geometric mean concentrations for biologically active endotoxin and total endotoxin in PM2.5 and inhalable PM size fractions were 3 EU/m3,149 EU/m3,60pmol/m3, and 515pmol/m3, respectively. Personal geometric mean concentrations in the inhalable PM size fraction were 334 EU/m3, and 1178 pmol/m 3. Biologically active and total endotoxin concentration variation was best explained by meteorological data, wind speed, relative humidity, and dairy waste management practices. Differences in endotoxin concentration and composition were found across locations on the dairy.
| Original language | English (US) |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 580-591 |
| Number of pages | 12 |
| Journal | Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene |
| Volume | 9 |
| Issue number | 10 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - 2012 |
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Keywords
- 3-OHFA
- Agriculture
- Dairy
- Endotoxin
- Particulate matter
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Cite this
Characterization of endotoxin collected on California dairies using personal and area-based sampling methods. / Garcia, John; Bennett, Deborah H; Tancredi, Daniel J; Schenker, Marc B; Mitchell, Diane C.; Reynolds, Stephen J.; Silva, Rona; Dooley, Gregory P.; Mehaffy, John; Mitloehner, Frank M.
In: Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, Vol. 9, No. 10, 2012, p. 580-591.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Characterization of endotoxin collected on California dairies using personal and area-based sampling methods
AU - Garcia, John
AU - Bennett, Deborah H
AU - Tancredi, Daniel J
AU - Schenker, Marc B
AU - Mitchell, Diane C.
AU - Reynolds, Stephen J.
AU - Silva, Rona
AU - Dooley, Gregory P.
AU - Mehaffy, John
AU - Mitloehner, Frank M.
PY - 2012
Y1 - 2012
N2 - Endotoxin, found in the cell wall of gram negative bacteria, is an important contributor to the biological activity of agriculture particulate matter (PM). We analyzed endotoxin in PM collected on 13 California dairies and from the breathing zone of 226 workers during the summer months of 2008. Two particle size fractions were measured: PM2.5 and inhalable PM. Recombinant factor C assays were used to analyze biologically active endotoxin, while gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry in tandem was used to quantify total lipopolysaccharide. Biologically active endotoxin concentrations in the inhalable PM size fraction from area-based samples ranged from 11-2095 EU/m3 and from 45-2061 EU/m3 for personal samples. Total endotoxin in the inhalable PM size fraction ranged from 75-10,166 pmol/m 3 for area-based samples and 34-11,689 pmol/m3 for personal samples. Area-based geometric mean concentrations for biologically active endotoxin and total endotoxin in PM2.5 and inhalable PM size fractions were 3 EU/m3,149 EU/m3,60pmol/m3, and 515pmol/m3, respectively. Personal geometric mean concentrations in the inhalable PM size fraction were 334 EU/m3, and 1178 pmol/m 3. Biologically active and total endotoxin concentration variation was best explained by meteorological data, wind speed, relative humidity, and dairy waste management practices. Differences in endotoxin concentration and composition were found across locations on the dairy.
AB - Endotoxin, found in the cell wall of gram negative bacteria, is an important contributor to the biological activity of agriculture particulate matter (PM). We analyzed endotoxin in PM collected on 13 California dairies and from the breathing zone of 226 workers during the summer months of 2008. Two particle size fractions were measured: PM2.5 and inhalable PM. Recombinant factor C assays were used to analyze biologically active endotoxin, while gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry in tandem was used to quantify total lipopolysaccharide. Biologically active endotoxin concentrations in the inhalable PM size fraction from area-based samples ranged from 11-2095 EU/m3 and from 45-2061 EU/m3 for personal samples. Total endotoxin in the inhalable PM size fraction ranged from 75-10,166 pmol/m 3 for area-based samples and 34-11,689 pmol/m3 for personal samples. Area-based geometric mean concentrations for biologically active endotoxin and total endotoxin in PM2.5 and inhalable PM size fractions were 3 EU/m3,149 EU/m3,60pmol/m3, and 515pmol/m3, respectively. Personal geometric mean concentrations in the inhalable PM size fraction were 334 EU/m3, and 1178 pmol/m 3. Biologically active and total endotoxin concentration variation was best explained by meteorological data, wind speed, relative humidity, and dairy waste management practices. Differences in endotoxin concentration and composition were found across locations on the dairy.
KW - 3-OHFA
KW - Agriculture
KW - Dairy
KW - Endotoxin
KW - Particulate matter
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84867173744&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=84867173744&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1080/15459624.2012.713301
DO - 10.1080/15459624.2012.713301
M3 - Article
C2 - 22946649
AN - SCOPUS:84867173744
VL - 9
SP - 580
EP - 591
JO - Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
JF - Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
SN - 1545-9624
IS - 10
ER -