Abstract
Objective To characterize the shape of the relationship between plasma ketamine concentration and minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of isoflurane in dogs. Study design Retrospective analysis of previous data. Animals Four healthy adult dogs. Methods The MAC of isoflurane was determined at five to six different plasma ketamine concentrations. Arterial blood samples were collected at the time of MAC determination for measurement of plasma ketamine concentration. Plasma concentration/effect data from each dog were fitted to a sigmoid inhibitory maximum effect model in which MACc = MAC 0 - (MAC0-MACmin)×Cγ/ EC50 γ+Cγ, where C is the plasma ketamine concentration, MACc is the MAC of isoflurane at plasma ketamine concentration C, MAC0 is the MAC of isoflurane without ketamine, MACmin is the lowest MAC predicted during ketamine administration, EC50 is the plasma ketamine concentration producing 50% of the maximal MAC reduction, and γ is a sigmoidicity factor. Nonlinear regression was used to estimate MACmin, EC50, and γ. Results Mean ± SEM MACmin, EC50 and γ were estimated to be 0.11 ± 0.01%, 2945 ± 710 ng mL -1 and 3.01 ± 0.84, respectively. Mean ± SEM maximal MAC reduction predicted by the model was 92.20 ± 1.05%. Conclusions The relationship between plasma ketamine concentration and its effect on isoflurane MAC has a classical sigmoid shape. Maximal MAC reduction predicted by the model is less than 100%, implying that high plasma ketamine concentrations may not totally abolish gross purposeful movement in response to noxious stimulation in the absence of inhalant anesthetics. Clinical relevance The parameter estimates reported in this study will allow clinicians to predict the expected isoflurane MAC reduction from various plasma ketamine concentrations in an average dog.
| Original language | English (US) |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 209-212 |
| Number of pages | 4 |
| Journal | Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia |
| Volume | 34 |
| Issue number | 3 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - May 2007 |
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Keywords
- Dog
- Dose-effect relationship
- Isoflurane
- Ketamine
- Minimum alveolar concentration
- Pharmacodynamics
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- veterinary(all)
Cite this
Characteristics of the relationship between plasma ketamine concentration and its effect on the minimum alveolar concentration of isoflurane in dogs. / Pypendop, Bruno H; Solano, Adrian; Boscan, Pedro; Ilkiw, Jan.
In: Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia, Vol. 34, No. 3, 05.2007, p. 209-212.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Characteristics of the relationship between plasma ketamine concentration and its effect on the minimum alveolar concentration of isoflurane in dogs
AU - Pypendop, Bruno H
AU - Solano, Adrian
AU - Boscan, Pedro
AU - Ilkiw, Jan
PY - 2007/5
Y1 - 2007/5
N2 - Objective To characterize the shape of the relationship between plasma ketamine concentration and minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of isoflurane in dogs. Study design Retrospective analysis of previous data. Animals Four healthy adult dogs. Methods The MAC of isoflurane was determined at five to six different plasma ketamine concentrations. Arterial blood samples were collected at the time of MAC determination for measurement of plasma ketamine concentration. Plasma concentration/effect data from each dog were fitted to a sigmoid inhibitory maximum effect model in which MACc = MAC 0 - (MAC0-MACmin)×Cγ/ EC50 γ+Cγ, where C is the plasma ketamine concentration, MACc is the MAC of isoflurane at plasma ketamine concentration C, MAC0 is the MAC of isoflurane without ketamine, MACmin is the lowest MAC predicted during ketamine administration, EC50 is the plasma ketamine concentration producing 50% of the maximal MAC reduction, and γ is a sigmoidicity factor. Nonlinear regression was used to estimate MACmin, EC50, and γ. Results Mean ± SEM MACmin, EC50 and γ were estimated to be 0.11 ± 0.01%, 2945 ± 710 ng mL -1 and 3.01 ± 0.84, respectively. Mean ± SEM maximal MAC reduction predicted by the model was 92.20 ± 1.05%. Conclusions The relationship between plasma ketamine concentration and its effect on isoflurane MAC has a classical sigmoid shape. Maximal MAC reduction predicted by the model is less than 100%, implying that high plasma ketamine concentrations may not totally abolish gross purposeful movement in response to noxious stimulation in the absence of inhalant anesthetics. Clinical relevance The parameter estimates reported in this study will allow clinicians to predict the expected isoflurane MAC reduction from various plasma ketamine concentrations in an average dog.
AB - Objective To characterize the shape of the relationship between plasma ketamine concentration and minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of isoflurane in dogs. Study design Retrospective analysis of previous data. Animals Four healthy adult dogs. Methods The MAC of isoflurane was determined at five to six different plasma ketamine concentrations. Arterial blood samples were collected at the time of MAC determination for measurement of plasma ketamine concentration. Plasma concentration/effect data from each dog were fitted to a sigmoid inhibitory maximum effect model in which MACc = MAC 0 - (MAC0-MACmin)×Cγ/ EC50 γ+Cγ, where C is the plasma ketamine concentration, MACc is the MAC of isoflurane at plasma ketamine concentration C, MAC0 is the MAC of isoflurane without ketamine, MACmin is the lowest MAC predicted during ketamine administration, EC50 is the plasma ketamine concentration producing 50% of the maximal MAC reduction, and γ is a sigmoidicity factor. Nonlinear regression was used to estimate MACmin, EC50, and γ. Results Mean ± SEM MACmin, EC50 and γ were estimated to be 0.11 ± 0.01%, 2945 ± 710 ng mL -1 and 3.01 ± 0.84, respectively. Mean ± SEM maximal MAC reduction predicted by the model was 92.20 ± 1.05%. Conclusions The relationship between plasma ketamine concentration and its effect on isoflurane MAC has a classical sigmoid shape. Maximal MAC reduction predicted by the model is less than 100%, implying that high plasma ketamine concentrations may not totally abolish gross purposeful movement in response to noxious stimulation in the absence of inhalant anesthetics. Clinical relevance The parameter estimates reported in this study will allow clinicians to predict the expected isoflurane MAC reduction from various plasma ketamine concentrations in an average dog.
KW - Dog
KW - Dose-effect relationship
KW - Isoflurane
KW - Ketamine
KW - Minimum alveolar concentration
KW - Pharmacodynamics
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=34247270764&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=34247270764&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1111/j.1467-2995.2006.00324.x
DO - 10.1111/j.1467-2995.2006.00324.x
M3 - Article
C2 - 17444934
AN - SCOPUS:34247270764
VL - 34
SP - 209
EP - 212
JO - Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia
JF - Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia
SN - 1467-2987
IS - 3
ER -