TY - JOUR
T1 - Cancer health disparities in racial/ethnic minorities in the United States
AU - Zavala, Valentina A.
AU - Bracci, Paige M.
AU - Carethers, John M.
AU - Carvajal-Carmona, Luis
AU - Coggins, Nicole B.
AU - Cruz-Correa, Marcia R.
AU - Davis, Melissa
AU - de Smith, Adam J.
AU - Dutil, Julie
AU - Figueiredo, Jane C.
AU - Fox, Rena
AU - Graves, Kristi D.
AU - Gomez, Scarlett Lin
AU - Llera, Andrea
AU - Neuhausen, Susan L.
AU - Newman, Lisa
AU - Nguyen, Tung
AU - Palmer, Julie R.
AU - Palmer, Nynikka R.
AU - Pérez-Stable, Eliseo J.
AU - Piawah, Sorbarikor
AU - Rodriquez, Erik J.
AU - Sanabria-Salas, María Carolina
AU - Schmit, Stephanie L.
AU - Serrano-Gomez, Silvia J.
AU - Stern, Mariana C.
AU - Weitzel, Jeffrey
AU - Yang, Jun J.
AU - Zabaleta, Jovanny
AU - Ziv, Elad
AU - Fejerman, Laura
N1 - Funding Information:
Funding information Investigators participating in this review would like to acknowledge their funding sources: L. Fejerman was supported by NIH/NCI (R01CA204797 to LF), the UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center through the San Francisco Cancer Initiative (SF CAN) and the California Initiative to Advance Precision Medicine (CA-OPR18111 to L.C.-C., E.Z. and S.L.N.). V. Zavala was supported by NIH/NCI (R01CA204797 to L.F.). Bracci was supported by NIH–NCI grants (R01CA1009767, R01CA109767-S1, R01CA059706 and R01CA154823) and the Joan Rombauer Pancreatic Cancer Fund. J. Carethers was supported by the United States Public Health Service (NIH grant CA206010) and the A. Alfred Taubman Medical Research Institute of the University of Michigan. L. Carvajal-Carmona was supported by NIH/NCI (R01CA223978, U54CA233306, P30CA093373 and R21CA199631) and The Auburn Community Cancer Endowed Chair in Basic Science. M. Correa was supported by NIH/NIMHD and NIAID (U54MD007587). J. Dutil was supported by SC1 GM127276-05 and U54 CA163071 grants. S. Schmit and J. Figueiredo were supported by NIH/NCI (R01CA238087). R. Fox, T. Nguyen and S. Piawah were supported by UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center through SF CAN. K. Graves was supported by Survivorship Research Initiative through NCI grant (P30-CA051008). A. Llera was supported by CONICET, Argentina and the Center for Global Health, NCI. S. Neuhausen was supported by the California Initiative to Advance Precision Medicine (CA-OPR18111 to L.C.-C., E.Z. and S.L.N.), NIH/NCI (R01CA184585 to S.L.N. and E.Z.) and Morris and Horowitz Families Endowed Professorship. L. Newman was supported by Komen Scholars Leadership Grant (SAC160072) and the Fashion Footwear Association of New York Charitable Foundation. J.R. Palmer was supported by NIH/NCI (R01CA228357 to J.R.P. and U01CA164974 to L.R. and J.R.P.) by a Susan G. Komen Foundation Leadership Grant (SAC180086), and by the Karin Grunebaum Foundation. N.R. Palmer was supported by NIH/NCI (K01CA211965) and the UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center through SF CAN. E. Perez-Stable and E.J. Rodriquez were supported by NHLBI and NIMHD Divisions of Intramural Research. M.C. Sanabria was supported by the Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Colombia (19010300411). S. Serrano was supported by Colciencias (19010300431). M. Stern was supported by NCI grant (P30CA014089). J. Weitzel was supported in part by Award (BCRF-16-168), from The Breast Cancer Research Foundation, the Dr. Norman & Melinda Payson Professorship in Medical Oncology and the Conquer Cancer Research Professorship in Breast Cancer Disparities. J. Yang was supported by NIGMS (R01-5R01GM118578-04) and CPML-5 (P50GM115279-05). J. Zabaleta was supported by NH/NIGMS grants (P30GM114732 to Ochoa, 1P20GM121288 to Reiss and NIH/NCI 1P20CA202922-01A1 to Miele).
PY - 2020
Y1 - 2020
N2 - There are well-established disparities in cancer incidence and outcomes by race/ethnicity that result from the interplay between structural, socioeconomic, socio-environmental, behavioural and biological factors. However, large research studies designed to investigate factors contributing to cancer aetiology and progression have mainly focused on populations of European origin. The limitations in clinicopathological and genetic data, as well as the reduced availability of biospecimens from diverse populations, contribute to the knowledge gap and have the potential to widen cancer health disparities. In this review, we summarise reported disparities and associated factors in the United States of America (USA) for the most common cancers (breast, prostate, lung and colon), and for a subset of other cancers that highlight the complexity of disparities (gastric, liver, pancreas and leukaemia). We focus on populations commonly identified and referred to as racial/ethnic minorities in the USA—African Americans/Blacks, American Indians and Alaska Natives, Asians, Native Hawaiians/other Pacific Islanders and Hispanics/Latinos. We conclude that even though substantial progress has been made in understanding the factors underlying cancer health disparities, marked inequities persist. Additional efforts are needed to include participants from diverse populations in the research of cancer aetiology, biology and treatment. Furthermore, to eliminate cancer health disparities, it will be necessary to facilitate access to, and utilisation of, health services to all individuals, and to address structural inequities, including racism, that disproportionally affect racial/ethnic minorities in the USA.
AB - There are well-established disparities in cancer incidence and outcomes by race/ethnicity that result from the interplay between structural, socioeconomic, socio-environmental, behavioural and biological factors. However, large research studies designed to investigate factors contributing to cancer aetiology and progression have mainly focused on populations of European origin. The limitations in clinicopathological and genetic data, as well as the reduced availability of biospecimens from diverse populations, contribute to the knowledge gap and have the potential to widen cancer health disparities. In this review, we summarise reported disparities and associated factors in the United States of America (USA) for the most common cancers (breast, prostate, lung and colon), and for a subset of other cancers that highlight the complexity of disparities (gastric, liver, pancreas and leukaemia). We focus on populations commonly identified and referred to as racial/ethnic minorities in the USA—African Americans/Blacks, American Indians and Alaska Natives, Asians, Native Hawaiians/other Pacific Islanders and Hispanics/Latinos. We conclude that even though substantial progress has been made in understanding the factors underlying cancer health disparities, marked inequities persist. Additional efforts are needed to include participants from diverse populations in the research of cancer aetiology, biology and treatment. Furthermore, to eliminate cancer health disparities, it will be necessary to facilitate access to, and utilisation of, health services to all individuals, and to address structural inequities, including racism, that disproportionally affect racial/ethnic minorities in the USA.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85090430473&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85090430473&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1038/s41416-020-01038-6
DO - 10.1038/s41416-020-01038-6
M3 - Review article
AN - SCOPUS:85090430473
JO - British Journal of Cancer
JF - British Journal of Cancer
SN - 0007-0920
ER -