TY - JOUR
T1 - Bioactivity of a flavanol-rich lychee fruit extract in adipocytes and its effects on oxidant defense and indices of metabolic syndrome in animal models
AU - Kalgaonkar, Swati
AU - Nishioka, Hiroshi
AU - Gross, Heidrun B.
AU - Fujii, Hajime
AU - Keen, Carl L
AU - Hackman, Robert M.
PY - 2010
Y1 - 2010
N2 - Many polyphenolic compounds are poorly digested, and have low bioavailability due to their long chain lengths and chemical composition. A processed, flavanol-rich lychee fruit extract (FRLFE) that is higher in flavanol monomers, dimer and trimers than its unprocessed counterpart, was tested in a variety of models. First, mature visceral adipocytes were treated with 0, 3, 10 or 30 μg/mL FRLFE (day 6-8). Compared with the controls, the treated cells had lower triglyceride concentrations, less lipid accumulation and a smaller lipid droplet size. Adiponectin release was significantly greater in cells receiving 3 or 10 μg/mL FRLFE than in the controls. Second, rats given a single dose of 50 or 100 mg/kg FRLFE had significant increases in plasma (-)-epicatechin, 3′-O-methyl-(-)-epicatechin, and (+)-catechin levels, peak values were at approximately 2 h and appreciable concentrations were still detected at 6 h. Rats supplemented daily for 1 week with 50 or 100 mg/kg FRLFE had significantly elevated metabolite concentrations. In response to an oxidative stress, erythrocyte membrane integrity was significantly improved in the 100 mg/kg FRLFE group. Third, 7-month-old mice fed a 200 mg/kg FRLFE diet for 10 months showed a significant decrease in glucose, triglyceride and lipid peroxide levels compared with mice fed a control diet. Collectively, these results support the concept that the flavanols present in FRLFE are well absorbed and bioactive.
AB - Many polyphenolic compounds are poorly digested, and have low bioavailability due to their long chain lengths and chemical composition. A processed, flavanol-rich lychee fruit extract (FRLFE) that is higher in flavanol monomers, dimer and trimers than its unprocessed counterpart, was tested in a variety of models. First, mature visceral adipocytes were treated with 0, 3, 10 or 30 μg/mL FRLFE (day 6-8). Compared with the controls, the treated cells had lower triglyceride concentrations, less lipid accumulation and a smaller lipid droplet size. Adiponectin release was significantly greater in cells receiving 3 or 10 μg/mL FRLFE than in the controls. Second, rats given a single dose of 50 or 100 mg/kg FRLFE had significant increases in plasma (-)-epicatechin, 3′-O-methyl-(-)-epicatechin, and (+)-catechin levels, peak values were at approximately 2 h and appreciable concentrations were still detected at 6 h. Rats supplemented daily for 1 week with 50 or 100 mg/kg FRLFE had significantly elevated metabolite concentrations. In response to an oxidative stress, erythrocyte membrane integrity was significantly improved in the 100 mg/kg FRLFE group. Third, 7-month-old mice fed a 200 mg/kg FRLFE diet for 10 months showed a significant decrease in glucose, triglyceride and lipid peroxide levels compared with mice fed a control diet. Collectively, these results support the concept that the flavanols present in FRLFE are well absorbed and bioactive.
KW - Antioxidant
KW - Flavanol
KW - Lipids
KW - Polyphenol
KW - Reactive oxygen species
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U2 - 10.1002/ptr.3137
DO - 10.1002/ptr.3137
M3 - Article
C2 - 20309950
AN - SCOPUS:77955634138
VL - 24
SP - 1223
EP - 1228
JO - Phytotherapy Research
JF - Phytotherapy Research
SN - 0951-418X
IS - 8
ER -