TY - JOUR
T1 - Behavioral responses following eight anesthetic induction protocols in horses
AU - Wagner, Ann E.
AU - Mama, Khursheed R.
AU - Steffey, Eugene
AU - Brevard, Lucien F.
AU - Hellyer, Peter W.
PY - 2002/1/1
Y1 - 2002/1/1
N2 - Objective To compare behavioral characteristics of induction and recovery in horses anesthetized with eight anesthetic drug protocols. Study design Randomized prospective experimental study. Animals Eight horses, 5.5 ± 2.4 years (mean ± SD) of age, and weighing 505 ± 31 kg. Methods After xylazine pre-medication, each of eight horses was anesthetized on four occasions using one of eight different anesthetic induction protocols which incorporated various combinations of ketamine (KET), propofol (PRO), and thiopental (THIO): THIO 8 mg kg−1; THIO 6 mg kg−1 + PRO 0.5 mg kg−1; THIO 4 mg kg−1 + PRO 1 mg kg−1; THIO 2 mg kg−1 + PRO 1.5 mg kg−1; KET 2 mg kg−1; KET 1.5 mg kg−1 + PRO 0.5 mg kg−1; KET 1 mg kg−1 + PRO 1 mg kg−1; KET 0.5 mg kg−1 + PRO 1.5 mg kg−1. Quality of induction and recovery were scored from 1 (poor) to 5 (excellent), and time taken to achieve lateral recumbency, first movement, sternal recumbency, and standing were evaluated. Results Time taken to achieve lateral recumbency after drug administration differed significantly (p < 0.0001) among the various combinations, being shortest in horses receiving THIO-8 (mean ± SD, 0.5 ± 0.3 minutes) and longest in horses receiving KET-2 (1.4 ± 0.2 minutes). The best scores for induction quality were associated with KET-1.5 + PRO-0.5, and the worst scores for induction quality were associated with KET-2, although the difference was not significant. Time to first movement varied significantly among drug protocols (p = 0.0133), being shortest in horses receiving KET-2 (12.7 ± 3.6 minutes) and longest in horses receiving THIO-8 (29.9 ± 1.5 minutes). Horses receiving THIO-8 made the greatest number of attempts to attain sternal posture (6.5 ± 4.7) and to stand (1.6 ± 0.8). Horses in the THIO-8 treatment also received the poorest recovery scores (3.3 ± 1.0 and 3.0 ± 0.7 for sternal and standing postures, respectively). The best recovery scores were associated with combinations comprised mainly of propofol. Conclusions Combining propofol with either ketamine or thiopental modifies behaviors associated with use of the individual drugs. Clinical relevance Quality of early anesthesia recovery in horses may be improved by some combinations of propofol with either thiopental or ketamine.
AB - Objective To compare behavioral characteristics of induction and recovery in horses anesthetized with eight anesthetic drug protocols. Study design Randomized prospective experimental study. Animals Eight horses, 5.5 ± 2.4 years (mean ± SD) of age, and weighing 505 ± 31 kg. Methods After xylazine pre-medication, each of eight horses was anesthetized on four occasions using one of eight different anesthetic induction protocols which incorporated various combinations of ketamine (KET), propofol (PRO), and thiopental (THIO): THIO 8 mg kg−1; THIO 6 mg kg−1 + PRO 0.5 mg kg−1; THIO 4 mg kg−1 + PRO 1 mg kg−1; THIO 2 mg kg−1 + PRO 1.5 mg kg−1; KET 2 mg kg−1; KET 1.5 mg kg−1 + PRO 0.5 mg kg−1; KET 1 mg kg−1 + PRO 1 mg kg−1; KET 0.5 mg kg−1 + PRO 1.5 mg kg−1. Quality of induction and recovery were scored from 1 (poor) to 5 (excellent), and time taken to achieve lateral recumbency, first movement, sternal recumbency, and standing were evaluated. Results Time taken to achieve lateral recumbency after drug administration differed significantly (p < 0.0001) among the various combinations, being shortest in horses receiving THIO-8 (mean ± SD, 0.5 ± 0.3 minutes) and longest in horses receiving KET-2 (1.4 ± 0.2 minutes). The best scores for induction quality were associated with KET-1.5 + PRO-0.5, and the worst scores for induction quality were associated with KET-2, although the difference was not significant. Time to first movement varied significantly among drug protocols (p = 0.0133), being shortest in horses receiving KET-2 (12.7 ± 3.6 minutes) and longest in horses receiving THIO-8 (29.9 ± 1.5 minutes). Horses receiving THIO-8 made the greatest number of attempts to attain sternal posture (6.5 ± 4.7) and to stand (1.6 ± 0.8). Horses in the THIO-8 treatment also received the poorest recovery scores (3.3 ± 1.0 and 3.0 ± 0.7 for sternal and standing postures, respectively). The best recovery scores were associated with combinations comprised mainly of propofol. Conclusions Combining propofol with either ketamine or thiopental modifies behaviors associated with use of the individual drugs. Clinical relevance Quality of early anesthesia recovery in horses may be improved by some combinations of propofol with either thiopental or ketamine.
KW - Anesthesia
KW - Equine
KW - Ketamine
KW - Propofol
KW - Recovery from anesthesia
KW - Thiopental
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U2 - 10.1046/j.1467-2995.2002.00093.x
DO - 10.1046/j.1467-2995.2002.00093.x
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:4143124073
VL - 29
SP - 207
EP - 211
JO - Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia
JF - Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia
SN - 1467-2987
IS - 4
ER -