Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental syndrome originating in childhood, affecting 5-10% of young persons. Males are more commonly affected than females. Symptoms include developmentally inappropriate levels of inattention and/or hyperactivity/impulsivity. Individuals with ADHD exhibit significant levels of impairment throughout the lifespan, with comorbidities common. Heritability is substantial; several environmental and genetic risk factors have been identified, which are likely to interact synergistically in shaping onset, course, and outcome. Fronto-striatal brain circuits are strongly implicated. Effective interventions include stimulant medications and behavioral approaches, with comorbidities often requiring additional interventions. Long-term maintenance of treatment gains is a continuing challenge.
Original language | English (US) |
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Title of host publication | Encyclopedia of the Neurological Sciences |
Publisher | Elsevier Inc. |
Pages | 320-322 |
Number of pages | 3 |
ISBN (Electronic) | 9780123851574 |
ISBN (Print) | 9780123851581 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Jan 1 2014 |
Keywords
- ADHD
- Attention
- Behavioral intervention
- Childhood
- Fronto-striatal circuitry
- Hyperactivity
- Impairment
- Impulsivity
- Inattention
- Multimodal treatment
- Stimulant medication
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Medicine(all)