TY - JOUR
T1 - Are adverse childhood experiences associated with late-life cognitive performance across racial/ethnic groups
T2 - Results from the Kaiser Healthy Aging and Diverse Life Experiences study baseline
AU - Gold, Audra L.
AU - Meza, Erika
AU - Ackley, Sarah F.
AU - Mungas, Dan M.
AU - Whitmer, Rachel A.
AU - Mayeda, Elizabeth Rose
AU - Miles, Sunita
AU - Eng, Chloe W.
AU - Gilsanz, Paola
AU - Glymour, M. Maria
N1 - Funding Information:
Funding This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health grant numbers RF1AG052132, R00AG053410, R01AG066132, T32AG049663 and RF1AG055486.
Publisher Copyright:
©
PY - 2021/2/5
Y1 - 2021/2/5
N2 - Objectives Evidence on adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and late-life cognitive outcomes is inconsistent, with little research among diverse racial/ethnic groups. We investigated whether ACE exposures were associated with worse late-life cognition for all racial/ethnic groups and at different ages of exposure. Design Covariate-adjusted mixed-effects linear regression models estimated associations of: (1) total number of ACEs experienced, (2) earliest age when ACE occurred and (3) type of ACE with overall cognition. Setting Kaiser Permanente Northern California members aged 65 years and older, living in Northern California. Participants Kaiser Healthy Aging and Diverse Life Experiences study baseline participants, aged 65 years and older (n=1661; including 403 Asian-American, 338 Latino, 427 Black and 493 white participants). Results Most respondents (69%) reported one or more ACE, most frequently family illness (36%), domestic violence (23%) and parental divorce (22%). ACE count was not adversely associated with cognition overall (β=0.01; 95% CI -0.01 to 0.03), in any racial/ethnic group or for any age category of exposure. Pooling across all race/ethnicities, parent's remarriage (β=-0.11; 95% CI -0.20 to -0.03), mother's death (β=-0.18; 95% CI -0.30 to -0.07) and father's death (β=-0.11; 95% CI -0.20 to -0.01) were associated with worse cognition. Conclusion Adverse childhood exposures overall were not associated with worse cognition in older adults in a diverse sample, although three ACEs were associated with worse cognitive outcomes.
AB - Objectives Evidence on adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and late-life cognitive outcomes is inconsistent, with little research among diverse racial/ethnic groups. We investigated whether ACE exposures were associated with worse late-life cognition for all racial/ethnic groups and at different ages of exposure. Design Covariate-adjusted mixed-effects linear regression models estimated associations of: (1) total number of ACEs experienced, (2) earliest age when ACE occurred and (3) type of ACE with overall cognition. Setting Kaiser Permanente Northern California members aged 65 years and older, living in Northern California. Participants Kaiser Healthy Aging and Diverse Life Experiences study baseline participants, aged 65 years and older (n=1661; including 403 Asian-American, 338 Latino, 427 Black and 493 white participants). Results Most respondents (69%) reported one or more ACE, most frequently family illness (36%), domestic violence (23%) and parental divorce (22%). ACE count was not adversely associated with cognition overall (β=0.01; 95% CI -0.01 to 0.03), in any racial/ethnic group or for any age category of exposure. Pooling across all race/ethnicities, parent's remarriage (β=-0.11; 95% CI -0.20 to -0.03), mother's death (β=-0.18; 95% CI -0.30 to -0.07) and father's death (β=-0.11; 95% CI -0.20 to -0.01) were associated with worse cognition. Conclusion Adverse childhood exposures overall were not associated with worse cognition in older adults in a diverse sample, although three ACEs were associated with worse cognitive outcomes.
KW - adverse events
KW - community child health
KW - epidemiology
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85100679391&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85100679391&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-042125
DO - 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-042125
M3 - Article
C2 - 33550246
AN - SCOPUS:85100679391
VL - 11
JO - BMJ Open
JF - BMJ Open
SN - 2044-6055
IS - 2
M1 - 042125
ER -