Anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory effects of curcumin by the modulation of Toll-like Receptor 2, 3 and 4

Toll-like receptors induce innate immune responses recognizing conserved microbial structural molecules that are known as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Ligand-induced homotypic oligomerization was fond to proceed in LPS-induced activation of TLR4 signaling pathways. TLR2 is known to heterodimerize with TLRI or TLR6 and recognize diacyl-or triacyl-lipopeptide, respectively. These results suggest that ligand-induced receptor dimerization of TLR4 and TLR2 is required for the activation of downstream signaling pathways. Therefore, receptor dimerezation may be one of the first lines of regulation in the activation of TLR-mediated signaling pathways and induction of subsequent inhibits activation of NF-κB, expression of COX-2 and dimerization of TLRs induced by TLR2, TLR3 and TLR4 agonists. These results imply that curcumin can modulate the activation of TLR and subsequent immune/inflammatory responses induced by microbial pathogens.